Colour CMYK & RGB
CMKY is a colour model consisting of four colours; cyan, magenta, yellow and key. Key stands for black and is called Key as the other three plates are aligned or 'keyed' to it. CMYK is a subtractive colour model which means it uses the lighter background to create different colours by placing other colours ontop.
Paper Sizes
In the ISO paper size system, the height-to-width ratio of all pages is the square root of two (1.4142 : 1). In other words, the width and the height of a page relate to each other like the side and the diagonal of a square. This aspect ratio is especially convenient for a paper size. If you put two such pages next to each other, or equivalently cut one parallel to its shorter side into two equal pieces, then the resulting page will have again the same width/height ratio.
One of the best uses of standardised sizings would be when it comes to printing. being able to state a size which is known throughout and know exactly what size you will be offering or expecting back to a client is perfect.
Substrate
A substrate is any stock or material that receives a printed image, ranging from a standard sheet of paper to more elaborate exiting things like coffee mugs, tshirts and even the human body.
There is a lot to consider when choosing a substrate, its ability to 'take' a printed design and how long it needs to last or be used for example images printed for use in a magazine would use a different substrate as would be used in a newspaper. Substrate selection is a huge part of the design process and should be overlooked. The variety of substrates to print upon is vast and lets the designers have a much greater create input on all work.
Finishes
Print finishing encompasses a wide range of processes that can provide the final touches to a design once the substrate has been printed. these prices include die cutting, embossing, debossing, foil blocking, varnishing and screen printing to mention a few. These process' can change an ordinary looking piece into something a lot more interesting.
Finishing processes can add decorative elements to a printed piece, such as the shimmer of a foil block, or textual qualities, like those produced from embossing/debossing. The finishing doesn't stop at just the shiny extras things such as die cutting will change the entire physical look of an item allowing something to show through or the way it is held will send a different message as apposed to it being solid.
The term "finishes" shouldn't be thought to be just an afterthought at the end of the design. this should all be thought through and planned as it is a big decision to make.
Imposition
Imposition is the arrangement of a printed publication's pages, in the sequence and position they will appear when printed; before being cut, folded and trimmed. An imposition plan provides a visual guide with which a designer can easily see.
Folding
Different folding methods will produce different creative effects and offer different functionality and means of organisation. Two folds which are popular are 'valley fold' & 'mountain fold'. These folds are both named after the geographical features they replicate. Both feature a single central fold. Combined, these two folds form the basis of a wide variety of fold combinations
Duplexing
duplexing refers to the bonding of two substrates to the bonding of two substrates to form a single one. This allows a stock to have different colours, textures and finishes on each side. Duplexing also increases the weight of a stock. Two duplexed 270gsm boards would produce a 540gsm substrate.
Binding
Binding is the collective term for the range of processes that are used to hold together the pages or sections of a publication to form a book, magazine, brochure or other format. The different binding methods available allow a designer to make choices about the functionality of a publication in addition to its visual qualities, permanence and cost. Used creatively, binding can provide a simple means of differentiating a publication and adding a special touch.
Binding choices have a direct influence on the durability of a publication; sewn or burst binding are more durable methods than perfect binding, for example. Consumer magazines have a short shelf life and so saddle stitching or perfect binding is typically used as these methods are cheaper and their durability for the format is of less importance. If a publication needs to lie flat, which is often the case for manuals, wire or Canadian binding is more appropriate.
Rasters & Vectors
Rasters (photographs) and vectors (illustrations) are the mainstay image formats of printed material today. A photograph is an example of a raster file that at a certain size would look clear and of a photographic quality. The limitation starts when you try to produce a clearer image of the photograph at larger sizes, this is when pixelation occurs. A raster file can be turned into a vector file for a graphical effect. Remember that a poor quality raster image is just an image that does not contain enough information to be made clear, changing rasters to vectors should be used for graphical effects not to solve resolution issues.
Varnishes
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